Investigation of Flexor and Extensor Hallucis Longus Muscle Strength in Relation to Hallux Valgus Deformity Severity
Keywords:
Extensor hallucis longus, Flexor hallucis longus, Hallux valgus deformity, Muscle strengthAbstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate changes in the muscle strength of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscles, and their relationship with deformity severity in individuals with halluks valgus (HV), a condition affecting the big toe.
Methods: Thirty-three individuals aged 18 to 65 years (44.46 ± 11.132) with unilateral HV deformity were included. Demographic data was recorded. The severity of HV deformity was evaluated using Manchester Scale. Muscle strength of FHL and EHL muscles was assessed by a hand-held dynamometer, while pain, functionality and activity limitations were assessed using the Foot Function Index (FFI).
Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between deformity severity and the muscle strength of FHL and EHL (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the muscle strength of the FHL and EHL in the affected foot was significantly associated with the pain, disability score, activity limitation and the total scores of FFI (p < 0.001). Muscle strength in the HV-affected foot was significantly lower compared to the unaffected (healthy) foot for both FHL and EHL (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: An increase in deformity severity was associated with a significant reduction in FHL and EHL muscle strength. This reduction correlated with increased pain, functional limitation, decreased and participation in daily living activities. The observed decline in function and increase in pain may be attributed to reduced muscle strength, which leads to increased mechanical load on the joints.
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